4. PROPERTIES OF LANGUAGE:

The properties which all languages share can be referred to as universal grammar (UG),which form the basis of all posible human languages.

These humans properties may be partly due to human experience.Experience itself is not enough since animals raised around people learn extremely little human language.

When did humans start talking?

There are many theories about when and how humans started to develop language. Some scientists think that all human languages arose from a common language spoken by our ancestors in Africa. There are over 5000 different languages in the world today, although some of these are nearly extinct.

Human language probably started to develop around 100,000 years ago.

Since ancient Greeks, languages tend to be gramatically organized. Language has the important property that it organizes elements into structures.

This aspect was considered important after 1957 with Chomsky´s publication of Sintactic Structures, which presented a formal grammar of a fragment of English.

3. DIFFERENT FIELDS DEPENDING ON THE EXTERNAL FACTORS CONSIDERED:

CONTEXTUAL LINGUISTICS: The study of Linguistics in interaction with other academic disciplines, how language interacts with the rest of the world.

APPLIED LINGUISTICS: It is the study of language related issues applied in everyday life. It often refers to the use of linguistic research in language teaching.

DIACHRONIC LINGUISTICS: Examines how language changes through time, sometimes over centuries.

An importamt part of linguistic investigation is into the nature of the differences among the languages of the world. The nature of variation is very important to understand human linguistic ability. If this ability is constrained by biological properties, then languages must be very similar.If it is uncostrained languages might vary a lot.